Research is ongoing as to whether SARS‑CoV‑2 came directly from bats or indirectly through any intermediate hosts. It is of zoonotic origins and has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a virus of the species severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV), related to the SARS-CoV-1 virus that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is contagious in humans. First identified in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The virus previously had a provisional name, 2019 novel coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV), and has also been called human coronavirus 2019 ( HCoV-19 or hCoV-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS‑CoV‑2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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